Sports psychologist Zukhra Usmanova has been studying the problems of young athletes for more than 20 years-and pays much attention to hockey. Since 2010, she participates in the international camp, which takes place in Naberezhnye Chelny and Sochi, and implements its own program of psychological training for hockey players. Andrey Vasilevsky - the coach and the father of the goalkeeper of "Tampa" Andrey and the defender of "Motorist" Alexey closely cooperates with camp.
Also Usmanova-associate Professor of socio-economic and humanitarian disciplines of the Volga Academy of sports. She teaches the subject to students, many of whom will become trainers in the future, and conducts courses for existing professionals. Recently Usmanova released on the basis of the University manual " Psychological support of young hockey players at the initial stage of a sports career."
We will publish separate chapters from the manual later, now-the scientist's arguments about the difficulties faced by young hockey players. 
The fear of making a mistake and getting punished by adults is a common problem in children's hockey. Some coaches say: "don't be afraid!""Don't worry, it's nothing", but such installations for the athletes as the wall peas.
Athletes will take two to 48 hours on separate experience is lost in the competition. They should be given the opportunity to feel the grief of defeat, their state of hopelessness. I want to cry – cry. It is important to give a positive attitude to commit an error. The coach, who sometimes becomes not just a mentor for a child, but also a friend who knows how to interest an athlete, must understand that every player is prone to make mistakes.
After all, only one who does nothing is not mistaken.
If it is correct to treat the fears beginners, to understand their causes, they often disappear without a trace. In 2010, I was on an internship in Austria at the University of Sigmund Freud (or, as he is fondly called there, Freud), where he met with art therapy-one of the Central areas of psychotherapeutic work with children.  This direction also helps in the correction and removal of fear, anxiety and aggressiveness of young athletes. At first I had doubts whether it would work with hockey players. But I was so infected with the idea that I decided to try.
We took a notebook sheet and divided it in half. On one side it was necessary to describe the pluses, on another – minuses. What did I do right and what didn't? It turned out that the children liked to analyze their behavior. They were immersed in the work. With the help of art therapy, children learn to put up with their emotions. I made a mistake. I accepted it. Not just to change and fix it. 
Recently, there has been a trend - children are brought to hockey mom. According to statistics, there are 817 divorces per 1000 marriages. Unfortunately, the institution of the family is destroyed and children do not get the male "I". So now moms want to remedy the lack of father's education in the sports section. They think that hockey is played by real men, and the coach will be able to give what is missing in the family.
Two years ago at a seminar in the Russian basketball Federation I was approached by a famous coach (I will not call his name) and asked the question: "tell Me, how to be with children who have a predominant feminine?"At that moment I just started working on the manual, and thanks to this issue I included a section on working with parents. It's called " how to work with children from single-parent families."
And how? This is a very difficult question, but to be as brief as possible, there are two factors.
First, the coach needs to be an authority for the child. It must adhere not to an authoritarian, not democratic, but to an authoritative style of leadership. After all, at this age children perceive any word said by the coach. Therefore, it should allocate a team of favorites and outcasts. Children should be the same, whatever their position in the family.
Secondly, mom still needs to remain a woman, even if the family survived the divorce. You don't have to show that you play the role of father and mother. We can't go against nature. Sometimes a mother needs to show her weakness to her son so that the child can, for example, give a coat, take a heavy bag, let you go first. To the gentlemanly qualities of the men remained in the family. 
Sometimes coaches share the problem that children do not understand the words "no" and "no". In hockey this is complicated by the fact that it is a sport mostly rich parents. Children are brought up in the spirit of permissiveness and, getting into the youth school, pick up the virus of stardom.
A similar problem was my students who had an internship at the gymnastics center. We discussed her decision at the seminar. Imagine this situation. They tell you all the way: "Kyzym, you are the most beautiful!"Having received such a standard of education, you are faced with a serious intrapersonal conflict in the section of rhythmic gymnastics:" I'm the most beautiful! I'm the most successful! And where here other the most beautiful and the most successful?".
It's a model of excellence, a model of vanity. I'm a plus and everyone else is a minus. It is much better when there is a system of "I plus, and you plus". The coach must create such conditions in the group that all communicate on an equal footing. When the coach praises individual students in groups where children of preschool age are engaged, the rest raise their hands and ask, "am I good?". Therefore, it is important for the coach to praise everyone. Moreover, you need to pronounce the names of the children and explain why you praised.
With punishments the same situation. Hyperactive children have a problem. They understand that they were punished, but do not understand what for. Therefore, they need to say what exactly their behavior did not like you. The child must realize his guilt in order to prevent the same mistake in the future. But you can not cross the boundaries, only to criticize and show the child that he does not represent anything without achievements.
The reverse should also be avoided. Sometimes a child is positioned as the most talented, the most intelligent, the strongest. Parents notice and recognize the child only when it suits their ideal model, thereby giving the child to understand that, being only "the most-most" he can earn their love. This also leads to violations in psychological development. 
The facts of children's cruelty and aggressiveness not only at school, but also in sports became frequent. Aggressive tendencies are formed at the young athlete long before he comes to sports. But under adverse conditions, they may increase. Basically it depends on the parent-child relationship. In families where there are conflicts, and even divorces, where parents are less satisfied with work, their financial situation, loans, housing conditions, anxiety of children only increases. 
To study aggressiveness, we used the method of feedback – "Hedgehog". In addition to the diagnostic nature, the technique is psychotherapeutic in nature, as the child involuntarily "tries on" the situation. We say to the children: "on the way I got a hedgehog. He asked me to give you a letter. Five questions. Can you answer?»
Why hedgehog? This is a cute animal, but if you take it in your hands and stroke it, you can prick. I'm handing out A4 sheets to everyone, dividing them into five parts. Children do not know how to write at this age, so I ask them to draw. One of questions, for example, "When you come to sports section, you are irritated by other children?"If Yes, then it is necessary to draw the sun. If not, cloud. Some even drew the clouds drops of rain or lightning.
Summing up, I turned to the coaching staff. In 98% of cases, the test results were confirmed: the children really behaved aggressively in the sections. Fighting and insulting others. 
Well-known domestic psychologist Alexander Asmolov said that modern children know a lot and know how, but do not want anything. How is this manifested in hockey? At first, the guys are interested in the external attributes of the sport. Equipment, certificates, prizes, etc. Without all this, they will not be able to find motivation to do.
In my practice there was such an example. A child from a self-sufficient family wanted to play hockey. Dad to celebrate, outfitted it and took the lead in the section. Passes one training, the second, the third. That's all. The kid says,"dad, I'm not playing anymore." At an early stage of a sports career, it is important to teach a child to work, to act in the interests of his team, to give his strength to win, to give all the best and not to feel sorry for himself. Children should find answers to the questions: "do I Want?"," And whether it is necessary to me?", "That for me at all hockey?"And in this they should help the coach.
To explain to the children that everything depends on them and their desires, I use the parable of "the Wise man and the butterfly". One person decided to come up with a question that the sage could not answer it. He wanted to take the butterfly in his hands and ask if it was alive or not. If he said "dead" – he'd just opened her palm and released a live butterfly. If I said "live" – it would be better the second half and killed the tie.
But the sage foresaw both the situation and said "Everything is in your hands." Having heard this story, children understand that we are responsible for our actions. 
According to the materials: http://sport.business-gazeta.ru/article/234611